Voice কাকে বলে ? Voice কত প্রকার ও কী কী ?

Voice । বাচ্য

Voice(বাচ্য) : ক্রিয়া প্রকাশের ধরন/ভঙ্গিমাকেই Voice বা বাচ্য বলে। 

Voice এর প্রকারভেদ:  Voice দুই প্রকার ।

1. Active Voice (কর্তৃবাচ্য)
2. Passive Voice (কর্মবাচ্য)।

1. Active Voice( কর্তৃবাচ্য ):  বাক্যে যদি Subject সরাসরি কোন কাজ করে, তখন তাকে Active Voice বলে ।
যেমন :
I eat rice.
We are playing football.

2. Passive Voice( কর্মবাচ্য ):  বাক্যে  যদি Subject দ্বারা কোন কাজ করানো হয়,অর্থাৎ কাজটি subject এর উপর এসে পড়ে, তখন তাকে Passive Voice বলে । 
যেমন :
Rice Is eaten by me. (আমার দ্বারা ভাত খাওয়া হয়)
A letter is written by him.(তার দ্বারা চিঠি লেখা হয়)
Football is being played by us.(আমাদের দ্বারা ফুটবল খেলা হয়)

Voice চেনার উপায়ঃ খুব সহজ কথায়, কোনো বাক্যের Subject হিসাবে agent অর্থাৎ কর্তা থাকলে সেটা Active voice, বাকি ক্ষেত্রে Passive voice.
Agent এবং Subject এর পার্থক্য না বুঝলে লিংকে ক্লিক করে পড়ে নিনঃ
 link:- (Agent vs Subject)

Example:
I eat rice. এখানে "I" হচ্ছে Subject আবার কর্তাও তাই এটি active voice.

Rice is eaten by me. এখানে Rice হচ্ছে Subject কিন্তু "me" হচ্ছে কর্তা। তাই এটি passive voice.

Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়মাবলী :

Present Indefinite Tense:

গঠন প্রণালী : Active Voice এর Object + am / is/ are + মূল Verb এর Past Participle রূপ + by + Active Voice এর Subject.
যেমন :-
Active : I eat rice.
Passive : Rice is eaten by me.
Active : We eat mango.
Passive : Mango is eaten by us
Active: I love them
Passive: They are loved by me.

Past indefinite Tense:

গঠন প্রণালী : Active Voice এর Object + was / were + মূল Verb এর Past Participle রূপ + by + Active Voice এর Subject.
যেমন :-
Active : I ate rice.
Passive : Rice was eaten by me.
Active : Rina wrote a letter.
Passive : A letter was written by Rina.
Active : She sang a song.
Passive : A song was sung by her.

Future Indefinite Tense:

গঠন প্রণালী: Active Voice এর Object + shall be / will be + মূল Verb এর Past Participle রূপ + by + Active Voice এর Subject.

যেমন :
Active : we shall play football.
Passive : Football will be played by us.
Active : mother will cook rice.
Passive : Rice will be cooked by Mother.
Active : Ali will catch fish.
Passive : Fish will be caught by Ali.


Present Continuous Tense:

গঠন প্রণালী: Active Voice এর Object + am being / is being / are being + মূল Verb এর Past Participle রূপ + by + Active Voice এর Subject.

যেমন :
Active : She is writing a letter.
Passive : A letter is being written by her.
Active : They are playing Cricket.
Passive : Cricket is being played by them.
Active : I am eating rice.
Passive : Rice is being eaten by me.


Past Continuous Tense

গঠন প্রণালী : Active Voice এর Object + was being / were being + মূল Verb এর Past Participle রূপ + by + Active Voice এর Subject.

যেমন :
Active : The teacher was teaching the Students.
Passive : The Students were being taught by the teacher.
Active : She was writing a letter.
Passive : A letter was being written by her.
Active : They were playing Cricket.
Passive : Cricket was being played by them.

Future Continuous Tense

গঠন প্রণালী: Active Voice এর Object + shall be being / will be being + মূল Verb এর Past Participle রূপ + by + Active Voice এর Subject.

যেমন :
Active : The teacher will be teaching the Students.
Passive : The Students will be being taught by the teacher.
Active : She will be writing a letter.
Passive : A letter will be being written by her.
Active : They will be playing Cricket.
Passive : Cricket will be being played by them.

Present Perfect Tense

গঠন প্রণালী : Active Voice এর Object + have been / has been + মূল Verb এর Past Participle রূপ + by + Active Voice এর Subject.

যেমন :
Active : I have eaten rice.
Passive : Rice has been eaten by me.
Active : They have read English.
Passive : English has been read by them.
Active : They have done the work.
Passive : The work has been done by them.

Past Perfect Tense

গঠন প্রণালী : Active Voice এর Object + had been + মূল Verb এর Past Participle রূপ + by + Active Voice এর Subject.

যেমন :
Active : The teacher had taught the Students.
Passive : The Students had been taught by the teacher.
Active : She had written a letter.
Passive : A letter had been written by her.
Active : They had played Cricket.
Passive : Cricket had been played by them.




Future Perfect Tense

গঠন প্রণালী : Active Voice এর Object +shall have been / will have been+ মূল Verb এর Past Participle রূপ + by + Active Voice এর Subject.

যেমন :
Active : The teacher will have taught the Students.
Passive : The Students will have been taught by the teacher.
Active : She will have written a letter.
Passive : A letter will have been written by her.
Active : They will have played Cricket.
Passive : Cricket will have been played by them.

এছাড়াও কিছু নিয়ম আছে, যেগুলো নিচে দেওয়া হলঃ

নিয়ম১ঃ Modal auxiliary যেমন, can,could, may,might etc থাকলে পরিবর্তন হয়না।
গঠনঃ modals+be+v3
Example:
Active: I can do it
Passive : It can be done by me.

নিয়ম২ঃ Imperative sentence কে passive করতে,
গঠনঃ Let+object+be+v3
Active: Do the work.
Passive: Let the work be done.

নিয়ম৩ঃ Never যুক্ত imperative sentence কে passive করার নিয়ম।
গঠনঃ Let not+object+ever+be+v3
Example:
Active: Never tell a lie.
Passive : Let not a lie ever be told.

নিয়ম৪ঃ Who যুক্ত বাক্যকে passive করার নিয়ম।
গঠনঃ By whom+auxiliary+object+verb(be)+v3
Example:
Active: Who has made the house.
Passive: By whom has the house been made.

নিয়ম৫ঃ Whom দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হলে passive করার নিয়ম,
গঠনঃ who+auxiliary+v3+by+object
Example:
Active : whom do you want.
Passive : Who is wanted by you.

NB: বাক্যে Where পরিবর্তন হয়না।

নিয়ম৬ঃ Passive এর ক্ষেত্রে সবসময় by বসেনা, verb ভেদে বিভিন্ন preposition বসে।
যেমনঃ
know ----- to
Annoy --- with
Satisfy --- with
Seize   ---- with
Shock ----- at
Surprise -- at
Contain --- in
Embody ---in

example:
Active: I know him
Passive: He is known to me.
Active: The news will shock you.
Passive: You will be shocked at the news.

নিয়ম৭ঃ কিছু ক্ষেত্রে Passive থেকে active করতে হলে subject হিসাবে কর্তা ধরে নিতে হয়।
যেমনঃ
passive : My pen has been stolen.
Active : Someone has stolen my pen.